Now they are mainly represented by the Office of Svetlana Tsikhanovskaya, the United Transitional Cabinet, the People's Anti-Crisis Leadership, the Coordination Council and other structures created after 2020.

And what do the so-called "old" opposition parties and movements do?

How many political prisoners in their ranks?

How many activists had to leave?

Who among them actively works in the structures of democratic forces created after 2020?

We figured it out by studying their sites and pages in social networks, talking with managers and representatives.

For security reasons, certain information did not make it into the article, and the names of not all police prisoners were mentioned.

Leaders of some movements refused to provide information, arguing that it was dangerous for activists.

The main conclusions

• The leaders of four political parties, Ryhor Kastusiov, Mikalai Kozlov, Paval Sevyarynets, and Mykola Statkevich, are behind bars.

• The ranks of most parties and movements include a large number of both political prisoners and forced emigrants.

• Among the participants of the new democratic movements and associations, the most members are members of the UGP, but the majority of the members of the democratic structures created after 2020 are people who were not part of the "old" opposition organizations.

• Some of the parties have retained their registration in Belarus, but they do not conduct active public activities due to severe repressions, and if they do, they do not publicize it for security reasons.

BPF party

Leadership

• The chairman of the party, Ryhor Kastusiov, is behind bars

• Deputy chairman Yuras Melyashkevich is behind bars

• Deputy chairman Vadim Saranchukou and Yuras Lukashevich are abroad

Political prisoners

• Hryhor Kastusiov (Chairman of the BNF Party)

• Denis Ivashyn (member of the BNF party)

• Vladimir Malakhovsky (member of the BNF Party)

• Paval Yukhnevich (member of the BNF Party)

• Maksim Vinyarsky (member of the BNF Party)

• Dmitri Kozlov (member of the BNF Party)

• Andrei Voynich (member of the BPF Party)

• Olga Golubovych (member of the BNF Party)

• Yury Zyankovich (member of the BPF Party, ex-deputy of the local council from the BPF Party, former member of the Diet)

• Valyantsin Lobachov (member of the BNF Party, former head of Mogilev MF)

• Vitold Ashurak (tortured behind bars, member of the Diet of the BNF Party)

• Lyudmila Romanovich (member of the BNF Party)

• Arsen Dziadok (member of the BNF Youth Council)

• Yuras Melyashkevich (Deputy Chairman of the BNF Party)

• Paval Belavus (member of the BPF party and the public association of the BPF "Revival")

• Siarhei Antusevich (member of the public association of the BPF "Revival", ex-deputy of the local council from the BPF Party, former member of the Diet of the BPF Party)

Forced emigration

The deputy chairman of the party, many members of the Diet (about 10-15 people) went abroad.

Membership in new structures of democratic forces

As the BNF Party informed Svaboda, members of the party did not join organizations created after 2020, at least there were no known cases of this.

The party did not support any of the presidential candidates, but party members volunteered on other candidates' teams on an informal basis.

What is the party doing now

As Svaboda was informed, at this moment the BNF Party is not conducting any activities.

Individual members of the party in the regions of Belarus are engaged in narrow, one might say, underground social and cultural affairs.

Registration

The party still kept its registration, but the public association "Revival", which operated in parallel with the party, was liquidated.

The party does not conduct political activities necessary for continued registration (convention, meeting of the Diet), which may create problems with registration in the future, the party informed.

Site

http://narodny.org/ - does not open.

United civil party

The chairman is Mykola Kozlov.

Archive photo

Leadership

The chairman of the UGP Mikalai Kozlov is behind bars.

On November 6, the XXI Congress of the Ukrainian Communist Party of Ukraine was held in Minsk, which re-elected Mykola Kozlov, who was sentenced to 2.5 years in prison, to the post of chairman.

Political prisoners

• Mykola Kozlov (leader of the United Civil Party)

• Antonina Kovaleva (ex-deputy chairman)

• Oksana Alyakseeva (leader of the Minsk city organization of the UHP)

• Andrus Osmolovsky (activist, Minsk)

• Diana Chernushyna (activist, Minsk)

• Artur Smolyakov (activist, Minsk)

• Aleksandar Kabanov (Deputy Chairman of the UGP)

• Leonid Sudalenko (member of the Political Council)

• Uladzimir Nepomnyashchih (member of the National Committee)

• Andrei Kudzik (activist, Veleika)

• Romuald Ulan (activist, Smargoni)

• Alexander Nagela (activist, Smargoni)

• Anton Babrov (activist, Vorsha)

As Anna Krasulina, deputy head of the party, told Svaboda, in 2020 dozens, if not hundreds, of members of the UGP were repressed, detained, fined, tortured, and more than once under administrative arrest.

70-year-old Nina Kolyada served 10 days in inhumane conditions for an anti-war poster.

Three political prisoners have already been released - Siarhei Olszewski (trialled in the "Press Club" case), Mark Bernstein and Mikalai Sergeenko, transferred to "home chemistry".

Forced emigration

According to Anna Krasulina, quite a few activists left: "But many stayed.

And the leader of the party Mykola Kozlov remained in Belarus until the end."

Membership in new structures of democratic forces

Anna Krasulina, Aleksandar Dobravolski and Anatol Lyabedzka — in the office of the democratic leader Svetlana Tsikhanovskaya.

Several UHP activists have joined the Coordination Council (they are in Belarus), many party experts are involved in the development of new laws for the future of Belarus, Krasulina informs.

What is the party doing now

According to Anna Krasulina, despite the current conditions, the UHP continues its work in Belarus.

The deputy chairman lists the main directions:

• Intellectual and expert work: party representatives work on drafts of the Constitution, the law on political parties, and the law on elections.

• In Belarus, members of the party held the Day of Open Doors

• Batch audit started (data reconciliation)

• Attracting new friends through taluks, educational, educational actions, discussions, meetings

• Assistance to political prisoners and their families

• Preparation of videos "Simple and complex" about how the economy works

• Ecological expertise (Mohiliev)

• Inter-party discussion club (Gomel)

• Two new party organizations were created - in Smargony and Navahradek

According to Krasulina, among the goals and tasks set by the party, now is the preservation of not only the party, infrastructure and people, but also its values.

Registration in Belarus

AGP keeps the registration.

Even the convention was held as required by the statute, despite all the risks and problems, Krasulina notes.

Site

https://ucpb.

info/.

The last update is the end of October.

People's Society

Mikalai Statkevich during the election picket in Komarovka.

May 2020.

Leadership

• Party chairman Mykola Statkevich is behind bars.

• Acting chairman Yevhen Velsky is abroad.

Political prisoners

• Mikalai Statkevich (party chairman)

• Siarhei Sparysh (head of party affairs)

• Alyaksei Kireev (party activist)

• Andrei Khronkov (party activist)

The list is incomplete .

. As representatives of the party told Svaboda, a lot of people left, almost the entire active party.

According to the representative of the People's Community, these are mostly people who took part in the 2020 election campaign.

? This is what the representative of the People's Society told Svaboda:

- We work according to our schedule, we join wherever we think it is appropriate to join.

For security reasons, we will not talk about what we are doing inside Belarus.

Members of the party work a lot abroad - they volunteer, collect money for Belarusian volunteers and the Ukrainian armed forces, created organizations to help recalcitrants and USU, engage in military-patriotic training abroad.

Among the Belarusian volunteers in Ukraine are members of the party.

The party was deprived of registration in Belarus as early as 2005. The

hramada.org, statkevich.org are not open.

Belarusian Christian democracy

Leadership

• The co-chairman of the BCD, Paval Severynets, is behind bars.

• Co-chairs Olga Kovalkova, Vitaly Rymaszewski and Dzianis Sadovsky are abroad.

Political prisoners

• Paval Severynets (co-chairman of the BCD)

• Tatyana Kanevskaya (member of BCD)

• Dmytry Kanevsky (member of BHD)

• Emma Stepulonak (member of BCD)

• Mykolai Artyukhov (BHD)

The list is incomplete, as the relatives of other political prisoners - BCD activists ask not to publicize their participation in the party, so as not to worsen their situation.

Forced emigration

According to the Christian Democrat Dzianis Sadowski, during 2020-2022, practically the entire leadership of the party was forced to leave Belarus, the leaders of the national and regional levels are now in Warsaw and Bialystok.

99 percent of rank-and-file members remain in Belarus, claims Sadovsky.

Membership in new structures of democratic forces

Olga Kavalkova was a representative of Svetlana Tsikhanovskaya during the election campaign, then she became a member of the Coordination Council.

What is the party doing now

Denis Sadovsky explains:

— After the events of 2020, a huge wave of volunteers was ready to help in our various initiatives, and we helped the initiatives of the Coordination Council.

When the realization came that changes would not come soon, and the pressure began, these people slowly began to leave.

Now outside the borders of Belarus, we work mainly with the diaspora, so that they join our initiatives and campaigns, so that new people join the Christian Democrats, although Belarusians are now very demotivated and apathetic.

Regarding work in Belarus, Dzianis Sadovsky believes that "now it is important not what your name is, but what kind of activity you do.

This is the conclusion we made after 2020."

Sadovsky names the main directions of activity of the BCD now:

• Local self-government development companies

• Educational direction

• Assistance to political prisoners

• Assistance in conducting social campaigns

• Assistance to pro-Belarusian initiatives located outside Belarus

• Expanding the circle of friends and supporters of BCD

Registration in Belarus

The Belarusian Christian Democracy Party has never been registered in Belarus, despite numerous attempts to do so.

Site

https://bchd.

info/.

The last update is June 2022.

Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Community)

Archive photo.

2015 year.

Press conference of the party leadership.

Leadership

Party chairman Ihar Barysau is abroad.

Political prisoners

• Lyudmila Volkova (member of the Central Committee and Presidium of the BSDP)

• Uladzimir Severin (former international secretary of the BSDP)

• Mykola Papek (party member)

• Julia Laptanovich (member of the party)

• Piotr Konstantinov (former member of the BSDP Central Committee)

• Igor Lednik (member of the party)

• Stanislav Machalov (member of the party)

• Oleg Kanavalov (member of the party)

• Ivan Savutin (party member)

• Anastasia Gerylovich and Dmitri Ivanov are under house arrest.

• Oleg Kulesha, BSDP activist, recognized by human rights activists as a political prisoner, was released.

  He served his entire term - 1 year and 7 months.

• After 15 days of administrative arrest, a member of the BSDP Central Committee, a former deputy of the Supreme Soviet, Paval Znavets, was released.

Forced emigration

As the party informed Svaboda, about 100 activists have left since 2020.

Membership in new structures of democratic forces

Party member Zmytser Kruk was a member of the Coordination Council as an expert.

What is the party doing now

Here is what was reported to Svaboda about the current activities of the party:

— It is now exclusively within the party offices: educational events for party members, statutory events and online information campaigns, including for the promotion of reform projects from the position of social democrats.

We cannot do more now.

They received a fine for the party flag in the central office.

The Mogilev office of the party was actually destroyed during the search, they received an official warning from the Ministry of Justice for the party magazine, several party members were arrested for trying to nominate themselves in the commission during the referendum.

That is why the party's activities are tied hand and foot, we cannot move.

Registration in Belarus

The Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Hramada) has kept its registration.

In 2021, activists tried twice in vain to register new organizations in Gomla.

Site

http://bsdp.org/.

Last updated on October 26, 2022.

Conservative Christian party BNF

2014 year.

Grandfathers.

For many years, the CPSU of the BNF has been the organizer of a march and rally in Kurapaty on the occasion of the Day of Remembrance of Ancestors.

Leadership

• Party chairman Zyanon Pazniak is abroad.

• Yuras Belenki, acting chairman of the BNF Party in Belarus, is abroad.

Membership in new structures of democratic forces

No.

What is the party doing now

Here is what Zyanon Pazniak, the chairman of the party, answered to Svaboda about the current activities of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of Ukraine:

- The party exists, suffered losses, many people went through prison and fled abroad.

This, however, made it possible to organize the Belarusian national secretariat and the "Free Belarus" movement abroad (where many activists are forced to speak under pseudonyms).

Let's not forget that there is a war going on for the existence of Belarus.

Registration in Belarus

Svoboda did not receive relevant information.

Site

http://www.

narodnaja-partyja.org/ Last updated on October 25.

Belarusian party of the left "Just World"

Congress of the "Just World" party, Minsk.

Archive photo.

Leadership

Party chairman Siarhei Kalyakin is in Belarus.

Political prisoners

As Svaboda was informed by the "Just World" party, "in connection with the events of 2020, members of the party were brought to administrative responsibility for participating in street protests - served arrest or paid a fine.

No one was brought to criminal responsibility, therefore no one has the status of a political prisoner."

Forced emigration

According to the party, about 10 members of the party went into political exile after 2020.

Membership in new structures of democratic forces

Svoboda's interlocutor is not aware of such cases.

What is the party doing now

Svoboda received the following response from the party representative:

— Unfortunately, the internal political situation seriously limits the current activities of the party.

Any street activity is practically impossible.

Therefore, the party is now engaged in intra-organizational strengthening of its ranks in order to preserve people and the efficiency of structures, and also makes public statements assessing the events of domestic and international life.

The party also took part in the discussion of draft laws on the All-Belarusian People's Assembly and the new Electoral Code and sent its proposals to the authorities.

Registration

The party has kept its registration.

Site

http://spravmir.org/news/.

It was last updated in March in connection with the arrest of the chairman of the city organization of the party.

Movement "For Freedom"

2016 year.

"Movement for Freedom" conference.

The leader of the movement is Yuras Gubarevich

Leadership

The chairman of the movement Yuras Gubarevich is abroad.

Political prisoners

• Вітольд Ашурак (сябра Рады, каардынатар у Горадзенскай вобласьці) — загінуў у турме
• Ігар Салавей (актывіст, Пінск)
• Павал Сьпірын (актывіст, Менск)
• Уладзімер Няпомняшчых (актывіст, Гомель)
• Аляксандр Агрэйцовіч (актывіст, Менск)
• Павал Мажэйка (адзін з заснавальнікаў руху, Горадня)
• Людміла Рамановіч (актывістка, Маларыта)
• Павал Белавус (актывіст, Менск)
• Юры Меляшкевіч (былы намесьнік старшыні, Менск)

Як адзначае Губарэвіч, актывісты Руху цяпер ня толькі ў турмах па крымінальных артыкулах, ёсьць і вялікая колькасьць тых, хто трапіў пад адміністрацыйны перасьлед — арышты, штрафы. Тут лік ідзе ўжо на сотні. Некаторыя палітвязьні просяць у цяперашняй сытуацыі ня згадваць пра сяброўства ў руху.

Вымушаная эміграцыя

Тлумачыць Юры Губарэвіч:

— На момант фармальнай ліквідацыі ў руху «За свабоду» налічвалася каля 800 сяброў і далёка ня ўсе яны пакінулі Беларусь. Каля паловы зьехала, але, тым ня менш, палова сяброў засталася ў Беларусі. З рэгіянальных каардынатараў і лідэраў рэгіянальных структураў Руху пераважная большасьць застаецца ў краіне. Тое ж тычыцца і шараговых актывістаў.

Сяброўства ў новых структурах дэмакратычных сілаў

Паводле Губарэвіча, сябры руху «За свабоду» ёсьць у Каардынацыйнай радзе і Народным антыкрызісным кіраўніцтве:

— Пры гэтым ляяльнасьць сяброў да арганізацыі застаецца дастаткова высокай. Я нават адзначыў бы адваротны працэс: у рух і па сёньня прыходзяць новыя людзі, далучаюцца актывісты, якія, можа, не знайшлі сябе ў новых структурах палітычнай апазыцыі альбо ў новых структурах эміграцыі, ім цікава тое, чым мы займаемся, яны падзяляюць нашы ідэі.

Чым цяпер займаецца рух

Юры Губарэвіч паведамляе:

— Сёньня мы ня можам казаць пра дзейнасьць, якую вядзе рух у Беларусі, бо нават сама фармулёўка можа падвесьці пад крымінальную адказнасьць тых, хто застаецца ў краіне. Але, тым ня менш, арганізацыі больш за 15 гадоў, і ўсе нашыя актывісты прайшлі добрую школу грамадзкай актыўнасьці, удзельнічалі ў розных палітычных кампаніях, маюць цьвёрдыя ўстойлівыя перакананьні. Таму кожны з нашых сяброў на сваім месцы і, я перакананы, вядзе працу, каб наблізіць перамены ў Беларусі. У актывістаў, якія зьехалі з Беларусі, магчымасьцяў дзейнічаць значна больш:

• Інфармацыйная праца, у тым ліку на Youtube-канале Руху
• Валянтэрства, збор сродкаў у дапамогу ўкраінскім уцекачам
• Дапамога ў расьсяленьні ўкраінцаў, якія выехалі за мяжу
• Удзел у мітынгах, маніфэстацыях за мяжой
• Распрацоўка канцэпцыяў рэформаў

Рэгістрацыя

Рух пазбаўлены рэгістрацыі ў 2021 годзе.

Сайт

https://mff. by/ — апошняе абнаўленьне ў лютым 2022 году.

Грамадзкая кампанія «Гавары праўду»

Лідэрства

Сустаршыні кампаніі Андрэй Дзьмітрыеў і Тацяна Караткевіч застаюцца ў Беларусі.

Палітвязьні

Вось што адказалі Свабодзе ў кампаніі «Гавары праўду»:

— Ёсьць палітвязьні сярод актывістаў і сяброў, прыхільнікаў арганізацыі. Есьць сябры арганізацыі, якія адбылі арышт. Зараз кожны актывіст, кожны адказны грамадзянін, прыхільнік пераменаў пад прэсам, пад увагай.

Вымушаная эміграцыя

У «Гавары праўду» паведамілі :

— Зьехала шмат людзей. Маладзейшыя — на вучобу, сталейшыя — паспрабаваць забясьпечыць будучыню для сваіх дзяцей за мяжой.

Сяброўства ў новых структурах дэмакратычных сілаў

Няма.

Чым цяпер займаецца кампанія

Адказ прадстаўніка кампаніі «Гавары праўду»:

— Выглядае так, што сыстэмная актыўнасьць, публічная палітычная дзейнасьць можа лёгка быць прызнаная па-за законам. Дэпалітызацыя дасягнула максымальнага ўзроўню. У Беларусі ў 2020 годзе людзі абралі альтэрнатыву, большасьць зь іх засталіся ў краіне. Тое, што магчыма ў цяперашніх умовах — быць салідарнымі, дапамагаць адно аднаму, захоўваць гарызантальныя сувязі, наколькі мага ўключацца ў пытаньні, зьвязаныя з рэальнай палітыкай, якасьцю жыцьця на мясцовым узроўні, якасьці дзяржаўных паслугаў, захаваньня прыродных рэсурсаў, экалёгіі, нацыянальных каштоўнасьцяў — мовы, культуры, гісторыі.

Рэгістрацыя

«Гавары праўду» пазбаўленая рэгістрацыі ў 2021 годзе. Паводле прадстаўніка кампаніі, «ёсьць фармат ініцыятыўных групаў, які дазваляе быць аб’яднанымі ў сёньняшніх умовах, пакуль каманда застаецца ў стане, каб быць гатовымі зарэгістравацца».

Сайт

https://zapraudu.by/.

The last update is January 2021.

• Svaboda was unable to obtain actual information about the Belarusian Labor Party, which was headed by trade union leader Aleksandar Bukhvostau.

• Freedom was not answered by the leaders of the Belarusian Social-Democratic Society party.

• The head of the civil campaign "European Belarus" Andrei Sannikov did not answer the questions of Freedom "for reasons of people's safety".

• We are still waiting for up-to-date information about the activities of the "Together" solidarity movement and the civil campaign "Our House" from their leaders.

* The names of political prisoners in different lists sometimes match, because party members can be activists of movements at the same time.