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Open standards for emergency operations in aviation. Take lessons from "Nok Air" skid the runway.
Thai Rath Edition
Aug 8, 2022, 06:45 a.m.
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From the case of Boeing 737-800, flight DD108 of Nok Air Carrying 164 passengers and 6 crew on the Don Mueang-Chiang Rai route. Which is a Boeing 737-800 carrying 164 passengers, 6 crew members, had an accident slipping off the runway (Runway) Mae Fah Luang Airport, Chiang Rai Province
At about 21.06 hours on the 30th of July ago.
as the pilot landed the plane
During that time there was heavy rain. However, the pilot was able to land the plane safely.
However, after that there has been a lot of criticism in the social world.
By expressing dissatisfaction with the agencies involved in the evacuation that the operation was very delayed.
Causing 164 passengers to endure more than an hour in the plane in the dark.
Plus there is almost no air inside the machine.
Including the fear that the plane might explode.
and when the event is over
Moving the plane out of runway obstructions continued for several days.
In the past, the agencies directly involved have come out to give news to ensure a correct understanding that the incident was a serious incident (Serious Incident), causing the airport to close.
while the biggest obstacle is
The inclement weather, heavy rainfall caused the broken front wheels of the plane to sink into the ground.
until the need to coordinate the iron sheet from Khon Kaen Airport to Chiang Rai
Ask for cooperation from the military to recover the plane until August 4 at 4:00 am, then move the aircraft from the area to the runway successfully.
And back to open as usual on August 5, 65
such cases make
The “Economic Team” has sought out “facts about the operational guidelines in aviation emergency situations” in accordance with international law and standards.
including the lessons learned from such accidents as to problems and obstacles
including how to improve in order not to repeat in the future
Open emergency standards
Let's start with education.
"Guidelines for supervision of airlines and airports in case of severe incidents", which many Thai people believe at this time would want to know.
If there is an aviation emergency, such as in the event of a plane crash
or in the case of skidding off the runway, in this case, pilots, airlines, airports and other relevant agencies
what to do
in that part of the law
"The Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand" or EXAT states that it must comply with 4 relevant laws and announcements, namely No. 1, the Air Navigation Act, B.E. Third, it is important that
“The aircraft registrant or air operator
Has the duty to move the aircraft that has accidents and severe incidences in the specified time.
No. 2 Implemented the requirements of CAAT No. 14 on Airport Standards, Chapter 6 Airport Services, Part 1 Airport Emergency Planning, Article 982 “Every airport must have emergency planning in advance.
both helping passengers
fire fighting and medical treatment.”
By the fire and rescue section, Article 1032 is important that
"To achieve the objectives
fire and rescue operations at any point on a runway used under appropriate visibility and surface conditions, with a response time of not more than two minutes.”
especially operating in low visibility conditions
The airport shall provide appropriate guidelines, equipment or procedures for fire and rescue operations.”
No. 3, the CAAT Notification Re: Air Operator Certificate Requirements B.E. 2021, item 17.1, “Air operators and pilots of aircraft who are registered with Thai nationality must report an accident.
incidences or safety incidents that may cause harm in a specified time
or unless the incident is a danger to the crew
editable passengers and aircraft
Article 17.2 The pilot of the aircraft must report the conditions of hazardous conditions.
In addition to the weather related events of the Old Tower
Execute the right flight as quickly as possible.
The report shall include details that may be relevant to or affect the safety of other aircraft, and clause 17.3, the pilot of the aircraft shall be obliged to report known defects.
or all doubts about aircraft
at the end of the flight
No. 4, EXAT's requirements, No. 22, item 5, paragraph two, “If the safety incident under paragraph one is deemed an accident,
or severe incidence
to the Civil Aviation Organization and the aviation operator to notify
CAAT without delay
and prepare an Initial Report to be sent to EXAT within 24 hours.”
What to do according to the rules
So what should the airline do?
Actions in the event of an aircraft accident
or in an emergency, the pilot informs the flight control tower to report the condition of the incident.
by those who have the authority to order evacuation decisions
Passengers are pilots (Pilot in Command), which comply with international standards. However, evacuation is the synchronization of the control tower.
and on-scene commander to provide information outside the aircraft to make decisions in conjunction with the events inside the passenger cabin whether or not to evacuate passengers.
The speed of evacuating passengers (Evacuated) depends on the case.
1. In the event of a fire with an aircraft, smoke, or a chance of fire
Must order an evacuation within 90 seconds. 2. In other cases, the evacuation order depends on the pilot's assessment of the situation.
by considering the surrounding information first
The airline will have to send personnel with aids to the accident site.
Contact and prepare information to coordinate with passengers if they wish to continue their journey.
want to arrange accommodation
or need other assistance
Move the occupants of the aircraft to a safe area.
by separating passengers by color according to their injuries
including coordinating airports to facilitate or request things that airlines cannot do;
According to the Air Navigation Act, 1954, in the event of an aircraft accident
The pilot must stop flying and undergo a medical examination within 24 hours from an accredited medical facility where EXAT has been informed of the results of the physical examination and drug test results of the pilot and co-pilot. of the plane at the scene and found to have normal results
The action part of
“Airports” will need to perform the following tasks, starting from the control tower notifying the news of an aircraft accident to the relevant units within the airport, such as the Aircraft Fire Brigade.
Airport Management Group
and warn aircraft taking off and landing at that airport that
There was an aircraft accident
and arrange traffic to change the flight route
while the fire department
Which acts as an incident commander (On-scene Commander) enters the scene quickly.
on time
make an event assessment
help
Open an Airport Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and report requests for support according to the incident reporting scheme.
(Medical, Police, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation) and command until it is declared a safe area.
Including issuing aviation news announcements (NOTAM) about the announcement of the runway closure.
or the area where the aircraft has an accident
5. Transport passengers
When the pilot has ordered the evacuation of passengers from the aircraft.
aircraft movement
However, after the process of solving serious situations
and help passengers
Legal action must be taken after the implementation of the emergency plan, including:
Protection of aircraft (aircraft custody) by airports
not allowing anyone to interfere with evidence or aircraft
The pilot was unable to return to the plane.
Unless authorized by the State Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee (KorFhor.), which conducts an investigation of the incident, in which case the airport has conducted a thorough collection of preliminary evidence.
Examine the skid area, wheel traces, surface conditions, physical damage and air navigation aids.
While moving must be approved by the NIDA
In addition, the airport surveyed the damage.
Repaired to be ready for runway use.
and facilities
Submit evidence requesting approval from
EXAT before opening
The inspection must repair damaged airport electrical systems and visual aids to restore normal operation.
Eliminate foreign objects (Foreign Object Debris: FOD) arising from an aircraft skid off the runway.
Test the runway friction value (Friction Test) before activating the runway.
to make sure
Runway friction values are within the standard.
as well as adjusting the safety area level around the runway strip (Runway Strip) in the area where the aircraft skids off the runway to be in accordance with the specified standards.
plane skid lesson
Suthipong Kongpool, Director of EXAT, as the civil aviation safety regulator
And protecting the rights of passengers, the airline projected an overview of the incident as
“From the beginning of such events
"Serious Incident" (Serious Incident), but when the OHEC has entered the area to investigate the facts and proceed according to the procedures prescribed by law
has adjusted the incident from being considered a severe incident to an “accident”
Because even if the passenger was not injured
But the plane had structural damage.
The part that was asked if "pilots, airports, planes" met the standards or not, it was found that everything passed through a systematic check.
according to international standards
And accidents must consider the environment, weather conditions and visibility at the time of the accident.
“In addition to the investigation, it is necessary to look at the internal records of the device that
At that time, the pilot of the plane had performed the procedure or not.
If you follow the steps
What factors cause an airplane to slip off the runway?
Here, the investigation committee must find the truth.
because it happened
indicates that there must be an error
But the error is not that the pilots, airports, planes are not up to standard.”
As for the salvage of the plane from the runway that took a long time.
Every airport has an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) safety standard that determines how a passenger-sized airport needs assistance equipment.
which every airport must have at least the standard
But if there is a device that is overdue, it can be done.
while moving the plane at all
Even if you have all the equipment, you can't do it.
because it must be inspected and approved by the NESDB, in which case there are external factors
especially heavy rain
causing the front wheels of the aircraft to break into the ground
as well as having to wait for steel plates from other parts to support the wheels
and made a road into
making it impossible to recover on time.
Delayed clearing of critics
As for issues that have been criticized from both those who do not know and those who know but may pretend not to know.
Or someone who was not in the incident said that the airline brought passengers.
Leaving the machine late
must understand that
according to the rules of conduct in unusual situations
Passengers will be moved out of the plane in 2 cases.
is 1. In the case of "evacuation", when the pilot considers and assesses that
There will be danger in the aircraft, smoke or fire. The pilot will order "evacuate" the passenger immediately and must order the last passenger to leave the plane within 90 seconds or 1 and a half minutes This is when the pilot assesses the situation both internally and
outside the plane
It is at the pilot's discretion how to remove passengers and how to make them safest.
which does not specify a time to take passengers off the plane
From the incident of Nok Air skid
The pilot had to follow all procedures.
By choosing the second method to allow "passengers to leave the plane" is the exit from the front door on the runway.
It has also provided the crew on an “evacuation” standby, where the evacuation will open all emergency doors on the plane to expedite the discharge of passengers.
The airport firefighters arrived at the plane within a minute, or 60 seconds, and the pilots estimated that
The internal factors are not dangerous.
Except for external factors, it was found that it was raining, so chose to let passengers wait in the plane.
and coordinated to the airport to request a car to pick up
But the problem point is
When the first passenger goes down, the car still hasn't picked it up.
This may cause passengers to wait outside the plane for a long time.
because you have to understand
There are no buses at Chiang Rai Airport.
There will be only 1 officer van used in the airport to pick up only.
because in the past, the bridge was used
The aircraft is mainly to facilitate passengers.
The results of the investigation are yet to be revealed.
and the investigation has not yet been completed.
He saw that he should not be blamed.
or punish personnel
relevant staff
While the preliminary investigation has not found any violations of procedures, standards or negligence.
which the accident
can be punished only when considering that
Is intentionally causing the incident, however, when the results of the investigation came out.
EXAT will take the cause
and the results of the aforementioned investigation to be revised
“EXAT does not encourage people to do wrong.
But if people do not make mistakes
It can't be wrong.
and have to see what is the cause of the error
then bring to improve
which in the case of the bus
Normally, some airports do not need a large bus to wait for service.
But there must be a solution
which this thought
Next, each airport must have a hotline number for calling large cars, etc.,” concluded Mr. Suthipong.
economic team
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