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Good menu for people with congenital disease
Thairath Online
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food
8 Feb. 2022 08:49 a.m.
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Patients with diabetes should eat food in the proper proportion and complete the 5 food groups in a balanced manner.
You should not refrain from or limit too much rice/starchy food or starve yourself as it may cause hypoglycemia.
heart disease patient
Avoid salty foods by not eating more than 1 teaspoon of salt per day, and opt for low-cholesterol diets.
Avoid eating foods high in saturated fat and trans fat.
Ideal weight (Ideal Body Weight: IBW) or weight that should be.
For men, subtract 100 from the height, and minus 105 for women to get the ideal weight of the individual.
food for people with chronic diseases
“You Are What You Eat” believes that everyone has heard this classic phrase.
that reminds me to turn around and pay more attention to food choices
Because the food we choose to eat each day is unexpectedly important to our holistic health.
In addition to being a source of energy for the body to do various activities
in daily life
and help strengthen the body
Food is also like a medicine that helps to maintain organs.
of us to have good health as well
moreover
Food is even more important.
If a person has a chronic disease that needs to be taken care of, then good nutrition is an important factor in promoting health.
rejuvenate the body
slow down the deterioration of internal organs
and treatment to prevent the disease from getting worse
but vice versa
If you indulge your mouth too much
Choose to eat foods that are not nutritious or not suitable for the underlying disease that we have.
It can exacerbate the symptoms of the disease and worsen your health.
Food that is suitable for people with underlying diseases
1. Diet of diabetic patients
People with diabetes should be careful about the type of food quality.
and control the amount of eating appropriately
To prevent the body from getting too high sugar.
Focus on unsweetened foods that help stabilize blood sugar levels, such as good carbohydrates and a low Glycemic Index (GI), high fiber foods to help maintain blood sugar levels, fresh vegetables, quality protein.
unsweetened fruit
by calculating the amount of sugar from the fruit as appropriate
To add some sweetness
Artificial sugar is recommended in moderation as it does not cause high blood sugar.
Avoid white flour foods.
food with a lot of sugar
or has a very sweet taste. In this regard, diabetics should eat food in proper proportions and complete all 5 food groups in a balanced manner.
You should not refrain from or limit too much rice/starchy food or starve yourself as it may cause hypoglycemia.
Recommended type of food for diabetics
Unrefined rice or flour such as brown rice, brown rice, whole wheat bread, noodles, vermicelli, brown rice, oats.
Grains such as millet, white sesame, poppy
Fresh vegetables/fruits, focus on green leafy vegetables
Limited quantities of less-sweet fruits, such as half a guava.
Half a banana, 1 banana, 2 grapefruit cloves, 10 watermelons, 4 rambutans/mangosteens (per meal), which can be divided into 2-3 meals per day.
Root vegetables such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, carrots can be eaten in limited quantities.
Protein and lean meats such as pork tenderloin, chicken tenderloin, chicken breast, essential fatty acid fish, tofu, eggs.
Types of food that diabetics should avoid or forbidden to eat
Fruit juice, sweet water, soft drink, dessert, Thai dessert, ice cream, shaved ice, sticky rice with moon, sweetened milk, honey
Some very sweet fruits such as longan, jackfruit, rambutan, durian, ripe mango should be eaten in limited quantities.
But it is recommended to avoid it.
Recommended menu for diabetics
The food menu contains a good mix of carbohydrates.
lean meat
good fat meat
and vegetables in the right amount, such as brown rice and salmon salad
Chicken Toasted Whole Wheat Sandwich
Cereal rice with grilled pork tenderloin in tamarind sauce, etc.
2. Menu for patients with heart disease
for heart disease patients
The amount of salt and the type of fat play a big role in disease.
Because it affects the whole blood system, so in addition to avoiding salty foods, you should not eat more than 1 teaspoon of salt per day.
Should choose to eat foods that are low in cholesterol.
Eat good quality protein in moderation.
Avoid eating foods high in saturated fat and trans fat.
Because it will increase the level of cholesterol in the blood.
and may cause worsening of heart disease symptoms
but if you want to eat
The American Heart Association recommends that
Saturated fat should be less than 6% of your daily energy intake.
to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease
You should also be able to cook by boiling, steaming, baking or stir-frying, but it's best to avoid frying.
Recommended type of food for heart disease patients
Unrefined rice or flour, such as brown rice, brown rice, oats, whole wheat bread.
Protein and lean meats such as pork tenderloin, chicken tenderloin, chicken breast, essential fatty acid sea fish, tofu, eggs.
Fresh vegetables/fruits, focus on green leafy vegetables
unsweetened fruit
Olive oil, rice bran oil, canola oil
Food types that patients with heart disease should avoid or forbidden to eat
Foods high in saturated fat, such as red meat, offal, egg yolks, pork belly, fish roe.
Trans fat foods such as chocolate, pastries, cookies, cakes, bread
Salty foods, soups, seasoning sauces, chili sauce, ketchup, MSG
Processed meats such as sausages, bacon, Chinese sausages, fermented pork, Vietnamese sausages and meatballs because they are high in salt and fat.
Palm oil, coconut oil, lard, coconut milk
recommended menu for people with heart disease
Food menu with a mixture of good quality protein.
have low cholesterol
or red meat in moderation and tasteless, such as shrimp cereal porridge
Brown rice with tuna and boiled egg
Grilled Sea Bass Steak with Chu Chee Sauce
Stir Fried Chicken with Bell Pepper
3. Food menu for kidney disease patients
The key to caring for kidney disease patients is salt reduction, so sodium intake must be limited to an appropriate amount.
Besides that
Kidney disease also has specificity in determining dietary intakes per day, such as protein, potassium, phosphorus, and minerals.
according to the stage of the disease that is more than a common disease
Therefore, proper diet control from the initial stage of the disease
and especially
If kidney failure is already in stage 3 onwards
It will help take care and slow down the deterioration of the kidneys.
What are the foods that people with kidney disease should not eat?
The principles of food selection for kidney disease patients are as follows:
sodium
Reducing salt is an important principle in caring for patients with kidney disease.
It is recommended to eat less than or equal to 1 teaspoon of salt per day or less than 2000 milligrams of sodium per day.
Reduce the addition of seasonings such as fish sauce, soy sauce, oyster sauce, salt, MSG into the food. Avoid processed meat such as sausages, bacon, Chinese sausage, fermented pork, and Vietnamese sausage because they are high in salt and fat.
Avoid baking and pastries, as baking powder or baking soda is added to the baking soda, which contains sodium.
Including frozen food, pickles, crunchy snacks, chili sauce, ketchup.
protein
Should choose good quality protein such as egg whites, lean meats such as fish, chicken breast, chicken tenderloin, pork tenderloin, in the amount appropriate for the stage of the disease.
The amount of protein per day that patients with kidney disease should receive at each stage of the disease are as follows:
Kidney disease stage 1-3A - no protein restriction necessary.
But to eat normally in the proportion of 1.0-1.2 grams per 1 kg of body weight per day.
Stage 3B-5 kidney disease and not on dialysis - may require selection and control of protein intake.
to avoid overloading the kidneys
including helping to take care of and slow down the deterioration of the kidneys
by eating no more than 0.6-0.8 grams of protein per day per 1 kg of body weight per day.
kidney disease with dialysis
May be able to eat protein normally
Or may eat up to 1.3-1.4 grams of protein per kg of body weight per day.
to compensate for the protein lost during dialysis as well
phosphorus*
Patients with stage 3 or higher renal impairment have less phosphorus excretion. Therefore, patients with stage 3 or higher renal impairment or have high blood phosphorus levels.
Therefore, avoid eating foods high in phosphorus, such as milk, yogurt, soy milk, egg yolks, offal, crispy fish, tofu, oats, brown rice, whole wheat bread, and grains such as white sesame seeds, black sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, and nuts.
Dark soft drinks, mineral water, bread, ice cream
It is recommended to eat foods that are low in phosphorus, such as white rice, white bread, vermicelli, rice vermicelli, small rice noodles, egg whites, lean meats, ginger juice, lemon juice and soda in the right proportions.
potassium*
Patients with stage 3 or higher renal impairment have less potassium excretion. Therefore, patients with stage 3 or higher renal impairment or have high blood potassium levels.
Therefore, you should avoid eating foods high in potassium, such as dark vegetables such as broccoli, kale, cabbage, cauliflower, and carrots.
Fruits such as oranges, durians, watermelons, papayas, dragon fruit, guavas, jackfruits are recommended. Vegetables such as cabbage, bitter gourd, Chinese cabbage, morning glory, eggplant, fruits such as rambutans, mangosteens, pineapples, and apples in proper proportions.
fat
It is recommended to eat foods rich in unsaturated fats such as rice bran oil, canola oil.
Soybean oil, olive oil, fish fillets, avoid foods high in saturated fat, such as palm oil, lard, coconut oil, butter, coconut milk, offal, pork belly.
recommended menu
Menus with good quality protein ingredients and tasteless dishes such as chicken porridge, fried chicken with bell peppers, tom khao mushroom, glass noodles salad, sea bass steak, sweet and sour salad.
Stir Fried Bitter Gourd Shoots with Minced Pork
Chinese cabbage soup, glass noodles, etc.
*However
Because kidney disease is very specific to the disease, so if you want to know the nutrients that are suitable for the stage of kidney disease that you are having.
It is best to consult a nephrologist directly.
Food selection for people without underlying diseases
For people who do not have any underlying disease
able to eat normally
It is recommended that the principle of Plate Method be used, that is, the division of food in a plate into parts.
Half of them are fresh/cooked vegetables of different colors.
Another ¼ part is carbohydrate foods such as rice/unrefined flour such as brown rice, brown rice, and whole wheat bread.
The other ¼ portion is protein-rich, lean meats such as fish, pork tenderloin, chicken tenderloin, and chicken breasts.
As for fruits, choose the ones that are not too sweet, such as oranges, guavas, apples, dragon fruit, berries.
We recommend cooking by boiling, steaming, braising, baking or sautéing in oils containing unsaturated fats such as rice bran oil, soybean oil, olive oil, and canola oil.
Avoid fried foods.
If unavoidable or really want to eat
Rice bran oil is recommended for frying instead of palm oil rich in saturated fat.
Avoid processed meats such as sausages, bacon, bologna, fermented pork, and non-fermented pork if you are craving or wanting to chew on a snack during the day.
Nuts can be eaten as a snack, such as almonds, pistachios.
It can be eaten about 1 palm per day, divided into 1-2 times, should not eat more than this.
Because although nuts contain good fats, but they provide high energy.
If eaten in larger amounts than recommended, it can cause obesity.
Take care of nutrition only
enough?
in general
primary health care
In addition to paying attention to food that is beneficial
Correct nutrition, complete 5 groups, must also take into account these matters as well.
Energy that should be received per day
- The optimal daily energy intake is 25-30 kcal per 1 kg of body weight per day, subject to change.
It depends on factors such as daily activities, age, and other factors.
Ideal weight (Ideal Body Weight: IBW)
or weight that should be.
Try to maintain your ideal weight.
For men, subtract 100 from the height, and minus 105 for women to get the ideal weight of the individual.
Get enough sleep,
at least 6-8 hours a day.
Try not to stress
, drink at least 8-10 glasses of clean water per day (kidney disease patients
should consult a doctor specializing in kidney disease again)
exercise in moderation
In addition to food and sleep, you should also focus on lifestyle issues, such as moving your body more often.
A moderate amount of physical activity or light exercise, such as brisk walking, water walking, and stationary bikes, is recommended for at least 150 minutes a week, or 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week.
if want to drink coffee
It is recommended to drink black coffee without sugar.
or coffee with fresh milk without added sugar
Avoid instant coffee (3 in 1) and non-dairy creamers to avoid consuming too much sugar and fat.
These recommendations can be made in both healthy people without underlying medical conditions.
And it's even better if it's done in people with underlying diseases.
because as said
food can be medicine
If eating food that is suitable for yourself
It will make you have better health.
or at least
It does not make the symptoms worse than before.
It can be seen that people with underlying diseases often require more delicate and special dietary care than the general public.
Because of the disease, some internal organs cannot function normally.
Therefore, there must be a special understanding and attention to the behavior of choosing and preparing food.
Choosing the right food will help the organs in the body work better.
prevent relapse
And get the nutrients that are fully useful.
Be sure to do moderate exercise and get enough rest.
To stimulate immunity and strengthen holistic health
If you are interested in eating foods that are suitable for disease and are nutritious, "Full by BDMS" offers delicious food menus.
Meticulously prepared and meticulously invented by doctors and nutritionists.
So you can be sure to eat both delicious and healthy food.
If interested, you can view more information by clicking here.
Article by : Dr. Athit Weerabenjaphon, MD, Endocrinologist and Metabolism Specialist, Samitivej Sukhumvit Hospital
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