▲For men to urinate standing up, the force of the impact may cause bubbles, which need to be distinguished from proteinuria.

(Photo credit: shutterstock)

Text/Chen Yanhao

Outpatient clinics often encounter people who seek treatment for "bubble urine". In fact, foaming in urine is a subjective feeling. Bubbles in urination can be affected by many factors, and it may not be caused by illness.

For example, if you make urine for the first time in the morning, because you haven’t drunk water for a long time, the urine is thicker and foams; when a man urinates standing up, the impact force causes bubbles; the detergent in toilet water will change the surface tension of water and cause foaming.

It is recommended to leave the urine for 5-10 minutes to observe. If the bubbles gradually disappear, most of them are fine; if the bubble urine is caused by "proteinuria", it will persist and not easily dissipate, and the texture is denser and smaller.

Temporary proteinuria may occur when you have a cold, fever, strenuous exercise, or elevated blood pressure.

Poorly controlled high blood pressure, high blood sugar, urinary tract infection such as urethritis, cystitis or pyelonephritis, or taking certain drugs may also have proteinuria.

Persistent proteinuria occurs when proteinuria is caused by irreversible damage to glomeruli or tubules due to kidney disease.

Severe and persistent proteinuria increases the risk of worsening renal function.

Please read on...

Most of the bubbles disappear after leaving the urine for 5-10 minutes.

Glomerular disease is the most common cause of pathological proteinuria and can be caused by the kidney itself (called primary glomerulonephritis) or by another disease in the body (called secondary glomerulonephritis) , such as lupus nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, etc.

In general examination, the urine is usually inserted into the urine protein test strip for testing. If the test strip test is abnormal, the quantitative analysis of urine protein is further used to determine the severity of proteinuria or whether it is pathological proteinuria.

If the proteinuria is caused by other diseases, the treatment should be completed actively, and it may improve.

If the normal blood pressure is on the high side, blood pressure must be strictly controlled.

Diabetic patients with severe proteinuria need to use angiotensin conversion blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers, which can slow down the deterioration of renal function and reduce proteinuria.

▲Dr. Chen Yanhao said that in general examinations, urine is usually inserted into urine protein test strips for testing. If the test is abnormal, urine protein quantitative analysis will be used further.

(Photo courtesy/Chen Yanhao)

"Proteinuria" causes bubble urine that is not easy to dissipate and is denser

Hyperlipidemia complicated by proteinuria must also be treated with lipid-lowering drugs.

The treatment of pathological proteinuria depends on the correct diagnosis, and different diseases have different treatment methods.

For children with nephrotic syndrome, most of the causes are minimal change glomerular lesions, which can be treated with steroids first, and kidney biopsy should be considered only if the treatment fails.

Nephrotic syndrome in adults is mostly accompanied by deterioration of renal function. Biopsy is the best way to determine the cause and treat it.

Some glomerular lesions need to be treated with steroids or immunosuppressants.

Taiwan is a country with a high incidence and prevalence of kidney disease in the world, so we should pay more attention to kidney health.

The cause and clinical significance of proteinuria are different for each patient. If there is bubble urine, it is recommended to do a urine test to analyze the components. When proteinuria is suspected, a nephrologist should be sought to arrange a comprehensive examination.

(The author is an attending physician at the Department of Nephrology, Yuanlin Christian Hospital)

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keywords

• kidney

• health care

• Urethritis

• proteinuria

• urinary tract infection

• bubble urine

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