By the 25th day of the month, we pay for utilities.
Numbers on a piece of paper in the mailbox make Belarusians wonder what will happen next, and the authorities unconvincingly justify why "
fatty people got fat"
.
In the Russian language, not only officials in Belarus can hear the word "fatty" quite often.
And the word
zhirovka
in the Belarusian language?
Where does it come from, how correct is it from the Belarusian point of view?
SoundCloud
You won't find versions of which in the "people".
From the discussion in the FB community "Only about language":
Zhirovyki
is
"
Housing
Settlement
"
These
notices have not been printed on greaseproof paper for 30 years.
in which fatty products were also wrapped in stores.
People!
What is
"
fat
",
if
"
zherovka
"
and
where from the cliff
I
tour ZHREO?
Etc.
Let's figure it out.
In the Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian language in 6 volumes (the 2nd volume was published in 1978), the word is, has two meanings.
First:
fattening 1.
The same thing as fattening.
And an example: [The beaver] emerged from the house... and swam into the canal for a night's feeding.
V. Volsky.
It comes from the common Slavic verb
zhirovat
— to feed energetically (about fish, birds).
But in the Belarusian folk and classical literary language, the names of the processes of
learning
are very rare, they are word-forming Russianisms.
In Belarusian
, fattening
.
The poem by Uladzimer Zhilka "To Peter the Cuckoo" about an unhappy marriage, music by Ales Komotski, sung by Valzhyn Tereshchenko:
The cuckoos
in the meadow
have passed away
,
the cuckoos have been quiet , singing with their
parents.
And yet the Rzeszów "Zhyrovka" is called that not because the ZES and those above it are exploiting us.
Let's go back to the dictionary.
fat
2
.
The same thing as girazagad.
I am convinced that none of the readers has heard the Belarusian word "gyrazagad".
Where is this from?
Everything is simple.
Living from Russian dictionaries
In the academic dictionary of the Russian language in 1955, there is
zhirovka
and in the meaning of
zhirovat
- about fish, hares and the like, and...
"the same as zhiroprikaz"
.
What is
"giroprikaz"
?
—
"Written order of the depositor to the credit institution on settlement with the creditor"
.
and an example:
"Subscribe zhiroprikaz"
.
Let's go back to the Belarusian dictionary - the meaning of that
"girazagad"
is identical to the Russian one, and even a ready-made example was taken from Russian:
"Sign a jirazagad"
.
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The linguist Piotr Sadovsky did not mince words, saying that the employees of the lexicography sector of the former Institute of Linguistics, carrying a file of Belarusian languages containing millions of words, took words from Russian dictionaries.
Mechanically combining Russian
zhirazagad
with its colloquial form
zhirovka
, Soviet lexicographers ignored the fact that such words did not exist in Belarusian speech.
Since the beginning of the 1930s, the Belarusian language, not having had time to really take root in accounting and banking, was expelled from there, and Belarusian-speaking professionals were repressed.
Belarusian accountants did not know "Zhyrovak".
Dictionary of accounting terminology.
Minsk, 1928. Cover
The only classic Belarusian dictionary of accounting terminology was compiled in 1927 together with linguists by the chief accountants of the people's commissariats of education and agriculture and economists who taught in Belarusian.
There were special terms with the root
zhiro-
: properly
zhiró, zhirant, zhirat, to zhirovate
as the equivalent of Russian
жирировать
.
But there is no
zhirazagad
with his daughter
zhirovka
.
And those words come from Italian, from the root and term giro, which means circulation of non-cash money, and in other Western languages - non-cash transfer of money at the initiative of the payer or, in general, a current bank account.
As we can see, the meaning of the colloquial word "zhirovka" has greatly diverged from "giroprikaz" and from the Italian prototype.
"Moscow Word"
However, the status of the word "zhirovka" in Russian is doubtful.
According to the etymological dictionary of the Russian language under the editorship of Mykola Shansky,
"giroprikaz"
became
"zhirovkoy"
among Russian accountants shortly before the Soviet-German war.
It meant then, perhaps, a running account for a fee for a communal apartment.
And only in Moscow (the meaning later expanded).
And in the expanses of Russia, neither the people of Pieter nor the people of Siberia recognize it as their own: for them it is purely a "Ma-a-skov word".
From the forum:
"A guest from Moscow uttered the word
zhirovka
, I heard it for the first time, it turned out
—
payment for meals in kindergarten.
Is this really Moscow or something completely local, within the scope of a separate kindergarten?"
This is not just Russianism, but
Moscow jargonism
, which somehow got into Belarus.
Perhaps immigrants brought in instead of the repressed.
However, in our country, "zhirovka" is not known everywhere, but at least in Minsk and Vitebsk they heard about it.
Just a "bill"
And what should we call that pepper?
It is just
a utility bill
.
In other languages it is, for example, in English utility bill.
As Dave Barnett sings, don't worry about me if I don't make the Gita, worry if I'm late on my
utility bills
:
Well, the
utility bills
are in and the rent check
's
overdue
So do
n't worry
'
bout me writin ' no big songs
And they issue utility bills to us.
Where recently they also printed propaganda, as well as indicated in bold letters how much the state allegedly pays for us.
To shame the citizens.
Although the state budget consists of their taxes.
"Political information" on apartment accounts
Secure communication
with our editors.
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Vintsuk Vyachorka
Born in Brest in 1961. As a linguist, he studied the language of publications of Western Belarus during the interwar period, initiated the modern arrangement of Belarusian classical spelling, contributed Belarusian programs and reading books for preschool institutions.
An active participant in the national movement, starting with "Maistrovni" and "Talaki" in the 1980s.
Author and contributor of popular science texts and books, including about national symbols.
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